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Collagen works hand-in-hand with elastin in supporting the body’s tissues. Basically, it gives body tissues form and provides firmness and strength; elastin gives the same body tissues much need flexibility. This combination of collagen and elastin is very important in many parts of the body, including, but not limited to, the lungs, bones, and tendons. Even the blood vessels rely on both collagen and elastin. Often, collagen is discussed in relation to the skin. It works with keratin to provide the skin with strength, flexibility, and resilience. As people age, however, collagen degradation occurs, leading to wrinkles. As such, it is an important substance for those looking for ways to fight the visible effects of aging on the skin. Some skincare professionals actually advise people on ways to stimulate the production of collagen in skins cells.
Collagen is an inextensible fibrous protein that is found in connective tissue - bone, tendons, and skin. The objective of this exercise is to develop an understanding of the fibrous portion of collagen and to show how the different levels of protein structure come together and form a highly ordered and stable fiber. Three helicial peptides combine to form tropocollagen, and five tropocollagens combine to form a fiber segment. It is important to realize that in an actual fiber segment the ends of the tropocollagen would be staggered rather then flush-cut as shown in the model presented herein. The staggered ends would permit overlap in the association of the tropocollagens in adjacent segments, and thus aid in forming a strong fiber. Collagen's properties of rigidity and inextensibility are due to this highly ordered structure. The non-structurally order part of collagen is not illustrated in this model. This part of the protein complex having a different amino acid composition, lysine and hydroxylysine are particularly important residues, is globular in nature and not as structurally organized. Lysine and hydroxylysine form covalent crosslinks in the protein complex, thereby adding strength and some flexibility to the fiber.
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